Inquiries to Consider Before Buying an Alternative Cooling Agent
In the realm of refrigeration, changes are afoot as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets new standards for refrigerants. Here's a breakdown of the key points you need to know.
The American Home Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) has established a 700 standard, which outlines acceptable levels of refrigerant purity for various refrigerants and blends, including R-410A, R-407C, and R-404A. This standard ensures that refrigerants meet stringent quality criteria.
One alternative refrigerant gaining attention is Propane (R290). A natural refrigerant with a low global warming potential, Propane is endorsed for its environmental benefits and is not subject to EU bans on high-GWP refrigerants. Although prices may vary depending on the system, Propane-based heat pumps have comparable acquisition costs to other heat pumps and are eligible for substantial state subsidies.
However, if a substitute is flammable, the manufacturer must submit a comprehensive risk assessment for each proposed end-use before it is listed as acceptable. The EPA evaluates refrigerant flammability and requires testing according to the American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) E-681 method.
The EPA has reviewed several ozone-safe refrigerants with a low global warming potential. For instance, HFC-1234yf in motor vehicle air-conditioning, CO in cold storage warehouses, and hydrocarbons in household and commercial refrigerators and freezers are among the alternatives under consideration.
Interestingly, the EPA prohibits the use of flammable substitutes in motor vehicle A/C systems, except for HFC-152a and HFO-1234yf, subject to use conditions.
Under EPA regulations, a refrigerant manufacturer must submit information on a new refrigerant for SNAP review at least 90 days before marketing the product. If the EPA has not completed SNAP review when the 90 days elapse, the product can be sold and used, even though it is not "EPA acceptable."
Lastly, it's crucial to note that if a service technician charges a system with an alternative refrigerant that later becomes unavailable or not nationwide, the system may need to be retrofitted.
These changes aim to ensure the safety, efficiency, and environmental friendliness of refrigeration systems. As always, it's essential to stay informed and follow the latest regulations to make the best decisions for your refrigeration needs.
